Gray wolf Wikipedia. This article is about the wild subspecies of Canis lupus. For the domesticated subspecies, see Dog. For the wild dog, see Dingo. The gray wolf or grey wolf Canis lupus,a also known as the timber wolf34 or western wolf,b is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America. It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging 4. Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other Canis species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle. Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur. Mammal Species of the World 3rd ed., 2. C. lupus. 8The gray wolf is the second most specialised member of the genus. Canis, after the Ethiopian wolf, as demonstrated by its morphological adaptations to hunting large prey, its more gregarious nature,9 and its highly advanced expressive behavior. It is nonetheless closely related enough to smaller Canis species, such as the eastern wolf,5coyote,1. It is the only species of Canis to have a range encompassing both the Old and New Worlds,5 and originated in Eurasia during the Pleistocene, colonizing North America on at least three separate occasions during the Rancholabrean. It is a social animal, travelling in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair, accompanied by the pairs adult offspring. The gray wolf is typically an apex predator throughout its range, with only humans and tigers91. It feeds primarily on large ungulates, though it also eats smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage. The gray wolf is one of the worlds best known and most researched animals, with probably more books written about it than any other wildlife species. It has a long history of association with humans, having been despised and hunted in most pastoral communities because of its attacks on livestock, while conversely being respected in some agrarian and hunter gatherer societies. Although the fear of wolves is pervasive in many human societies, the majority of recorded attacks on people have been attributed to animals suffering from rabies. Non rabid wolves have attacked and killed people, mainly children, but this is rare, as wolves are relatively few, live away from people, and have developed a fear of humans from hunters and shepherds. Etymology. The English wolf stems from the Old Englishwulf, which is itself thought to be derived from the Proto Germanicwulfaz. The Latinlupus is a Sabineloanword. Both derive from the Proto Indo European rootlqwosukwos. Taxonomy and evolution. Taxonomy. The species Canis lupus was first recorded by Carl Linnaeus in his publication Systema Naturae in 1. Latin classification translating into the English words dog wolf. The thirty seven subspecies of Canis lupus are listed under the designated common name of wolf in Mammal Species of the World third edition that was published in 2. The nominate subspecies is the Eurasian wolf Canis lupus lupus,2. The subspecies includes the domestic dog, dingo, eastern wolf and red wolf, but lists C. C. l. communis as synonyms of C. However, the classification of several as either species or subspecies has recently been challenged. Evolution and relationship with the dog. The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 8. Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to Canis lupus into todays dog, dingo, and gray wolf. Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition will greatly influence the wolfs genetic population structure and cranio dental plasticity. Wolves went through a population bottleneck 2. YBP, which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game. The domestic dog is the most widely abundant large carnivore, and a descendant of one of those now extinct wolf populations. Population structure. In 2. 01. 3, a genetic study found that the wolf population in Europe was divided along a north south axis and formed five major clusters. Three clusters were identified occupying southern and central Europe in Italy, the Dinaric Balkans, the Carpathians. Another two clusters were identified occupying north central Europe and the Ukrainian steppe. The Italian wolf consisted of an isolated population with low genetic diversity. Watch Teen Wolf Full Episodes Online. Instantly find any Teen Wolf full episode available from all 6 seasons with videos, reviews, news and more Watch TV series online for free, Full streaming episodes in HD quality. Wolves from Croatia, Bulgaria, and Greece formed the Dinaric Balkans cluster. Wolves from Finland, Latvia, Belarus, Poland and Russia formed the north central Europe cluster, with wolves from the Carpathians cluster coming from a mixture of wolves from the north central cluster and the Dinaric Balkans cluster. The wolves from the Carpathians were more similar to the wolves from the Pontic Caspian Steppe than they were to wolves from north central Europe. These clusters may have been the result of expansion from glacial refugia, an adaptation to local environments, and landscape fragmentation and the killing of wolves in some areas by humans. In 2. 01. 6, two genetic studies of North American gray wolves found that they formed six ecotypes genetically and ecologically distinct populations separated from other populations by their different type of habitat. These six wolf ecotypes were named West Forest, Boreal Forest, Arctic, High Arctic, Baffin, and British Columbia. The studies found that precipitation and mean diurnal temperature range were the most influential variables. These findings were in accord with previous studies that precipitation influenced morphology and that vegetation and habitat type influenced wolf differences. The local adaptation of a wolf ecotype most likely reflects a wolfs preference to remain in the type of habitat that it was born into. Hybridization with other Canis. It was once thought that dogs and gray wolves did not voluntarily interbreed in the wild, though they can produce fertile wolf dog offspring. In 2. 01. 0, a study of 7. Italian wolf male lineages found that 5 of them originated from dog ancestry, indicating that female wolves will breed with stray male dogs in the wild. In North America, black colored wolves acquired their coloration from wolf dog hybridization, which occurred 1. Like pure wolves, hybrids breed once annually, though their mating season occurs three months earlier, with pups mostly being born in the winter period, thus lessening their chances of survival. However, one genetic study undertaken in the Caucasus Mountains showed that as many as 1. The captive breeding of wolf dog hybrids has proliferated in the USA, with 3. The gray wolf has interbred extensively with the eastern wolf producing a hybrid population termed Great Lakes boreal wolves. Free Peter & The Wolf Online' title='Free Peter & The Wolf Online' />Unlike the red and eastern wolf, the gray wolf does not readily interbreed with coyotes. Nevertheless, coyote genetic markers have been found in some wild isolated gray wolf populations in the southern United States. Gray wolf Y chromosomes have also been found in Texan coyote haplotypes. From Up On Poppy Hill Online English. In tests performed on a Texan canid of ambiguous species, mt. DNA analysis showed that it was a coyote, though subsequent tests revealed that it was a coyotegray wolf hybrid sired by a male Mexican gray wolf. Akron property management at its best. Let Wolf Klines experienced Akron property managers care for your rental home. If you are looking for a Akron home for rent. Watch 1,150 movies free online. Includes classics, indies, film noir, documentaries and other films, created by some of our greatest actors, actresses and directors. Watch A Monster Calls online streaming full movie in HD for free. Stream A Monster Calls full movie free in good quality without download online. In 2. 01. 3, a captive breeding experiment in Utah between gray wolves and western coyotes produced six hybrids through artificial insemination, making this the very first hybridization case between pure coyotes and northwestern gray wolves. At six months of age, the hybrids were closely monitored and were shown to display both physical and behavioral characteristics from both species. Although hybridization between wolves and golden jackals has never been observed, evidence of such occurrences was discovered through mt.